In the context of the 1st century, the word "theology" would have been understood somewhat differently than it is today. The term itself comes from the combination of two Greek words: tθεός, meaning God, and λογός, meaning word or discourse.
During the 1st century, especially in the Greco-Roman world and among Jewish scholars, theology primarily referred to the discourse or study concerning the nature of the divine, religious beliefs, and doctrines related to the gods or God. It encompassed philosophical inquiries into the nature and attributes of God, discussions on religious practices, and interpretations of religious texts.
In a Judeo-Christian context, which would become increasingly significant in theological discourse after the 1st century, theology also involved the interpretation of scriptures, understanding of God's relationship with humanity, and doctrinal teachings related to faith and practice.
For the purpose of this exercise, theology adopts a biblical worldview. It involves our understanding of God's nature, character, and His interactions with humanity across past, present, and future. It acknowledges that our understanding of God may not perfectly represent Him, and we do not claim exhaustive knowledge of Him. Rather, our understanding relies on what He has revealed about Himself. This revelation is considered sufficient for matters of faith and salvation.